作者：百年不渡分类：未来幻想点击：449380次下载：30460次大小：70M 日期：2026-08-26

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太空的第一座矿山，会挖什么,太空的第一座矿山，会挖什么_我的网站

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一 | 　　李扬　　《人民日报》(2026年08月22日第 06 版)　　近来，“一颗小行星价值数万亿美元”等话题屡屡引发关注。如果未来人类真的在太空建起第一座矿山，会最先开采什么？答案或许出人意料：很可能不是昂贵的金属，而是水、氧，甚至是土壤。　　谈到太空矿产，人们通常想到的是：地球资源越来越紧张，于是人类飞向月球或小行星开采矿产，再把资源运回地球。这种设想并非完全没有道理。

二 | 月球表面部分岩石含有钛、铁，也检测到稀土，不少小行星则含铁、镍和铂族金属等。然而，从“有资源”到“能开采”，再到“值得运回地球”，仍隔着很长的距离。　　判断一种资源是否值得开发，要综合考虑矿体规模、品位、赋存状态、开采方式、能源消耗、加工难度以及运输成本等。

A view of the high-grade highway from Lhasa to Nyingchi in Southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region Photo: VCG
Chinese experts on Sunday slammed India's latest move of identifying 27 locations in China's Zangnan area by their so-called standard names on its official map as self-deception, which runs counter to the improving momentum in bilateral relations and could complicate efforts to properly handle border issues.
The Indian government on Friday said the updated Survey of India map included "four mountain passes and a high-altitude lake," and claimed that the move "is intended to ensure the correct identification of these places" and "improve public awareness of their geographical and historical significance," according to the Times of India.
The claim came shortly after the 36th meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on China-India Border Affairs (WMCC) was held on August 6 in New Delhi.
During the meeting, officials from both sides discussed issues including boundary delimitation, border management and control, mechanism building, and cross-border cooperation. They agreed to maintain communication through diplomatic and military channels and jointly safeguard peace and stability in the border areas, according to a statement released by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on Friday.
China has been carrying out standardization of geographical names in the region for a long time. At a time when China-India relations are showing signs of improvement and leaders from both countries are expected to engage through multilateral platforms, any unilateral action by India that escalates the border situation shows no point and will not serve the broader interests of bilateral relations, Qian Feng, director of the Research Department at Tsinghua University's National Strategy Institute, told the Global Times on Sunday.
Qian said India should avoid turning border issue into a larger dispute, as such actions could stifle the improving political ties between the two countries.
Consistent position
China's position on the Zangnan region is consistent. The area covers parts of Nyingchi and Shannan and is located in Southwest China's Xizang region, which has been China's territory since ancient times.
Since 2017, China's Ministry of Civil Affairs has released six batches of standardized names for locations in Zangnan, with a total of 112 names announced as of April 2026. These names cover villages, mountain passes, rivers and peaks, accompanied by standardized Chinese and Tibetan names as well as geographic coordinates.
The dispute over the region has a long historical background. The illegal "McMahon Line" drawn between China and India during the 1914 Simla Convention was never signed or recognized by successive Chinese governments and therefore has no legal validity.
After China's Ministry of Civil Affairs published the sixth batch of names that should be used for places in Zangnan region on April 10, two days later, the spokesperson for India's Ministry of External Affairs expressed rejection to China assigning names to places in so-called "Arunachal Pradesh," adding that these actions detract from ongoing efforts to stabilize bilateral ties.
Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Guo Jiakun said at a routine press briefing on April 14 that Zangnan region is China's territory. China does not recognize the so-called "Arunachal Pradesh" illegally set up by India. It is fully within China's sovereign rights for the Chinese government to issue standard names for some of the places in Zangnan.
China-India relations are generally stable at the moment. China's commitment to improving and growing China-India relations has not changed. We hope the two sides will work in the same direction and act more in ways conducive to bilateral relations, Guo stressed.
India's latest naming of 27 locations is a unilateral administrative move and does not alter the legal status of the area, Guo Xuetang, a professor at the center for South Asia and Indian Ocean Studies under Shanghai International Studies University, told the Global Times.
According to Guo Xuetang, India's move is an attempt to strengthen its claim of control over the area and create additional leverage in future boundary negotiations. However, such actions have no practical meaning and will only undermine the atmosphere for negotiations between the two countries.
Not merely from the perspective of international law, Zangnan region has culturally, religiously and historically been connected within Xizang, with close links between local communities and civilization, the expert stressed.
Positive momentum
Despite differences over the boundary issue, China and India have in recent months continued efforts to stabilize relations. In December 2024, China and India's representatives for boundary affairs reached a six-point consensus during talks.
Last week, the Nathu La Pass, which was closed for six years, officially resumed operations, signaling a new phase of mutually beneficial cooperation and development in cross-border trade.
During a meeting between Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar on July 22 in Manila, the Philippines, Wang said China and India should consolidate the positive momentum in bilateral relations, and strengthen coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs, while Jaishankar said India's positions on issues concerning Taiwan and Xizang have not changed, and that India respects China's sovereignty, Xinhua reported.
In the past two years, leaders of China and India have met in Kazan, Russia, and Tianjin, China, and agreed that China and India are partners rather than rivals, and that their development should be viewed as opportunities rather than threats, Wang said.
"India's latest move is essentially an attempt to reinforce its claims over disputed territory and counter China's sovereignty position, a move that amounts to self-deception. Unilateral name changes cannot alter the historical and legal facts surrounding the Zangnan region, nor can they shake China's resolve to safeguard its territorial sovereignty," Guo Xuetang said.
The only way to resolve the China-India boundary issue is through equal negotiations and a fair settlement based on historical and legal principles, while unilateral actions that create tensions or change the status quo will only harm mutual trust and border stability, Guo said.
。尤其在太空，开采和运输成本往往决定了一切。

三 | 既然如此，为什么还要去太空采矿？其实，人类真正需要的，未必是把资源带回地球，而是让资源留在太空发挥作用。　　今天，人类开展月球探测和深空探测，几乎所有物资都来自地球：宇航员饮用的水、呼吸所需的氧气，火箭燃料，科研设备……如果只是“打卡式”登陆月球，这种方式尚可维持；但如果要建立长期运行的月球科研站，并以月球作为继续探索火星和深空的基地，仅依靠地球不断补给，将越来越困难。因此，各国航天机构近年来越来越关注一个概念：就地资源利用。

四 | 　　所谓“就地资源利用”，就是尽可能利用月球、火星或小行星当地已有的资源，生产人类所需要的产品，而不是什么都从地球运过去。在这种逻辑下，资源价值的标准发生了变化。在地球，一吨水没有太大经济价值；但在月球，一吨水可能比黄金更加珍贵。

五 | 同样，月壤也不只是普通的尘土。月壤中含有丰富的硅、铁、铝、钛以及与这些元素结合的氧。未来，人们有望利用加热、电解等方法提取月壤中的氧气和金属，并利用剩余材料铺设道路、建设着陆场，甚至作为三维打印建筑材料。　　当然，实现这一目标并不容易。月球表面的高真空、剧烈温差、强辐射和低重力环境，都会给资源勘探、开采和加工带来巨大挑战。月球极区究竟储存了多少水冰？如何高效提取氧气？怎样利用月壤制造建筑材料？这些问题仍需要长期研究。当前太空资源研究最重要的任务，并不是急于给月球上的矿产标价，而是绘制更加精确的资源地图。近年来，中国嫦娥工程不断取得突破，带回了珍贵的月球样品，为认识月球物质组成、资源分布和形成历史提供了重要依据。未来，随着国际月球科研站等重大工程逐步推进，对月球资源的科学认识将成为深空探测的重要基础。　　从石器时代到青铜时代，再到工业时代，人类不断发现新的资源，也重新定义“矿”的含义。今天，当探索的边界从地球延伸到月球和火星，这个古老的概念也正在发生变化。从“地球补给”走向“就地取材”，看似只是采矿地点的变化，实际上意味着人类探索宇宙方式的一次深刻变革。　　(作者为北京大学地球与空间科学学院副教授)。